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This book is a follow up to the volume Nematics and Cholesteric Liquid Crystals by the same authors in the Liquid Crystal Book Series edited by G.W. Gray, J.W. Goodby and A. Fukuda. Here, the authors, two well known experts from the Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon and the Université Paris-Sud, deal with liquid crystalline phases endowed with long range positional order in one or more dimensions, as well as with orientational order. They do not attempt to cover all the very many smectic and columnar phases discovered to date but, as we shall see, choose instead to concentrate on certain aspects of the more common and well studied ones. The book is divided in ten chapters: the first three are on the simplest layered phase, the smectic A, and encompass its structure, hydrodynamics, dislocations, focal conics, and rheology. The nematic-smectic transition is treated within the Landau-deGennes framework and pretransitional effects, with the onset of positional correlations, are well illustrated resorting to X ray scattering experiments. Layer undulation instabilities, sound propagation, flow in A phases are also treated. Focal conics and dislocations are considered next, explaining first the characteristic polarizing microscope optical textures and then the role of these defects in interpreting the rheological features of smectics.